Figure 1

Designs of RFA electrodes with internal cooling and/or saline perfusion into the tissue. (A) Internally cooled electrode: water is circulated during ablation to cool tissue next to the applicator and prevent tissue charring. (B) Perfusion electrode: This allows the infusion of saline into tissue through one or more outlets on the electrode surface. (C) Hybrid applicator combining internal cooling and saline perfusion through outlets on the electrode surface. (D) Hybrid applicator combining internal cooling and saline perfusion through an outlet placed at a distance (d) from the electrode surface.