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  1. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is an established method for noninvasive brain stimulation, used for investigating and treating brain disorders. Recently, multi-locus TMS (mTMS) has expanded the capabi...

    Authors: Heikki Sinisalo, Olli-Pekka Kahilakoski, Victor H. Souza, Jaakko O. Nieminen, Robin Rantala, Timo Tommila, Isabel Usuga, Mikael Laine, Oskari Ahola, Eva Gallegos, Gábor Kozák, David Emanuel Vetter, Ilkka Rissanen, Andreas Jooß, Renan Matsuda, Ana M. Soto…
    Citation: BioMedical Engineering OnLine 2025 24:61
  2. Primary ovarian insufficiency affecting 1–3% of women under 40, causes premature menopause and estrogen deficiency. With increasing life expectancy, a large percentage of women also face estrogen-related sympt...

    Authors: Fatemeh Hosseinpour, Ali Zeinolabedini Hezave, Tahereh Talaei-Khozani, Mojtaba Rastgou-Maeini and Ashraf Hassanpour-Dehnavi
    Citation: BioMedical Engineering OnLine 2025 24:59
  3. This observational, prospective, analytical, and cross-sectional study was designed to systematically analyze ocular biometric parameters in patients with nuclear cataract exhibiting nuclear hardness grade ≥ 3...

    Authors: Zhao Xu, Ke Yin, Liming Wang, Lijie Dong, Jing Sun and Aihua Liu
    Citation: BioMedical Engineering OnLine 2025 24:56
  4. Infusion pumps (IPs) are medical devices used for the continuous and precise delivery of medications or nutrients. Their use has expanded and is now widespread in emergency rooms, ICUs, pediatrics, and other h...

    Authors: Mayla dos S. Silva, Maria Alzira de A. Nunes, Suélia de Siqueira R. F. Rosa and Antônio Piratelli-Filho
    Citation: BioMedical Engineering OnLine 2025 24:55
  5. Effective rehabilitation of the upper extremity function is vital for individuals recovering from stroke or cervical spinal cord injury, as it can enable them to regain independence in daily tasks. While robot...

    Authors: Aisha Raji, Stephanie DiNunzio, Andrew Whitmell, Cesar Marquez-Chin and Milos R. Popovic
    Citation: BioMedical Engineering OnLine 2025 24:54
  6. Accurate measurement of anterior segment parameters is crucial for diagnosing and managing ophthalmic conditions, such as glaucoma, cataracts, and refractive errors. However, traditional clinical measurement m...

    Authors: Miao Qinghao, Zhou Sheng, Yang Jun, Wang Xiaochun and Zhang Min
    Citation: BioMedical Engineering OnLine 2025 24:53
  7. Despite the proliferation of clinical research that can be used to inform Clinical Practice Guidelines there remain many areas where the number and quality of research studies vary widely. Using the Canadian C...

    Authors: Olga Yaroslavtseva, Judith Gargaro, Eleni M. Patsakos, Aishwarya Nair, Robert Teasell and Mark T. Bayley
    Citation: BioMedical Engineering OnLine 2025 24:52
  8. The treatment of large bone defects remains a significant clinical challenge due to the limitations of current grafting techniques, including donor site morbidity, restricted availability, and suboptimal integ...

    Authors: Jie Sun, Cao Chen, Bo Zhang, Chen Yao and Yafeng Zhang
    Citation: BioMedical Engineering OnLine 2025 24:51
  9. There is a growing interest in exploring industrial-grade collaborative robots (cobots) for rehabilitation. This review explores their application for motor rehabilitation of the upper and lower extremities af...

    Authors: Aisha Raji, Urvashy Gopaul, Jessica Babineau, Milos R. Popovic and Cesar Marquez-Chin
    Citation: BioMedical Engineering OnLine 2025 24:50
  10. Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is diagnosed with symptoms and objective endoscopy or computed tomography (CT). The Lund–Mackay score (LMS) is often used to determine the radiologic severity of CRS and make clini...

    Authors: Daniel J. Lee, Mohammad Hamghalam, Lily Wang, Hui-Ming Lin, Errol Colak, Muhammad Mamdani, Amber L. Simpson and John M. Lee
    Citation: BioMedical Engineering OnLine 2025 24:49
  11. Post-concussion syndrome is a challenging condition to manage for even the most experienced chronic pain experts. Patients’ presentations are heterogeneous with symptoms spanning physical, cognitive and emotio...

    Authors: Nicholas Moser, Milos R. Popovic and Sukhvinder Kalsi-Ryan
    Citation: BioMedical Engineering OnLine 2025 24:48
  12. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by deficits in cognition, behavior, and intellectual functioning, and Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) refers to individuals whose cognitive impairment deviates from wh...

    Authors: Umut Aslan and Mehmet Feyzi AkÅŸahin
    Citation: BioMedical Engineering OnLine 2025 24:47
  13. Tendon–bone insertion trauma is prevalent in both rotator cuff and anterior cruciate ligament injuries, which are frequently encountered conditions in the field of sports medicine. The main treatment for such ...

    Authors: Chenhui Yang, Changshun Chen, Rongjin Chen, Fei Yang, Hefang Xiao, Bin Geng and Yayi Xia
    Citation: BioMedical Engineering OnLine 2025 24:46
  14. Single-cell analysis is increasingly popular in the field of biology, enabling more precise analyses of heterogeneous phenomena, particularly in the fields of embryology and the study of different diseases. At...

    Authors: Léa-Isabelle Renaud, Kelliane Béland and Eric Asselin
    Citation: BioMedical Engineering OnLine 2025 24:44
  15. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) frequently coexists with metabolic syndrome (MS), compounding its impact on patients’ health and quality of life. This study aimed to elucidate the immune and metab...

    Authors: Juan Li, Xue Wu, Yufen Fu, Jiliu Liu, Yao Liu, Jiahuan Li, Bomiao Qing, Yi Zhang, Jie Gao, Xiang He, Junyi Wang and Guoping Li
    Citation: BioMedical Engineering OnLine 2025 24:43
  16. Small aneurysms are usually treated with a flow diverter alone, without coils. However, some continue to exhibit incomplete occlusion after treatment, even after an extended period. This study aimed to investi...

    Authors: Jun Wan, Yeqing Jiang, Ligang Xu, Qimin Zhang, Guanghu Xu, Long Yu, Xinzhuo Li, Xiaolong Zhang and Shengzhang Wang
    Citation: BioMedical Engineering OnLine 2025 24:42
  17. Osteoporotic vertebral fractures are a common outcome of osteoporosis, imposing a substantial economic burden. The development of reliable animal models is essential for advancing research. This review examine...

    Authors: Zhichao Qi, Guozhu Ye, Zhiyi Liu, Jie Zhang, Weidong Xie, Yu Li and Wenbin Yang
    Citation: BioMedical Engineering OnLine 2025 24:40
  18. Hands-and-knees crawling is a promising rehabilitation intervention for infants with motor impairments, while research on assistive crawling devices for rehabilitation training was still in its early stages. I...

    Authors: Jieyi Mo, Qiliang Xiong, Ying Chen, Yuan Liu, Xiaoying Wu, Nong Xiao and Wensheng Hou
    Citation: BioMedical Engineering OnLine 2025 24:39
  19. Rectus abdominis muscle (RAM) myopathy is the underlying mechanism of pregnancy-specific urinary incontinence (PSUI), which has been shown to be a predictor of long-term urinary incontinence (UI). However, the...

    Authors: Carolina N. F. Carvalho, David R. A. Reyes, Juliana F. Floriano, Sofia B. C. V. Quiroz, Rafael G. Oliveira, Fernanda C. B. Alves, Gabriela A. Garcia, Luana F. Iamundo, Adriely B. M. Magyori, Caroline B. Prudencio, Patricia S. Rossignoli, Cristiane R. Pedroni, Raghavendra L. S. Hallur, Iracema M. P. Calderon, Angélica M. P. Barbosa and Marilza V. C. Rudge
    Citation: BioMedical Engineering OnLine 2025 24:38
  20. Tissue engineering based on stem cell therapy necessitates a substantial quantity of high-quality stem cells. However, current sources face limitations, including narrow donor pools, compromised biological pro...

    Authors: Mingchang Hu, Qianqian Zhang, Jidong Xu, Linlin Xu, Xuecheng Xu, Jiajia Wang and Yu Song
    Citation: BioMedical Engineering OnLine 2025 24:37
  21. Smartphone photoplethysmography (PPG) offers a cost-effective and accessible method for continuous blood pressure (BP) monitoring, but faces persistent challenges with accuracy and interpretability. This study...

    Authors: Ivan Shih-Chun Liu, Fangyuan Liu, Qi Zhong and Shiguang Ni
    Citation: BioMedical Engineering OnLine 2025 24:36
  22. This study aims to evaluate the distribution of preoperative corneal parameters obtained using the Pentacam anterior segment analyzer in Chinese male and female patients with cataracts and to investigate the c...

    Authors: Wenqun Xi, Xinhua Liu, Zhiqiang Ren, Xiaosheng Huang, Liangnan Sun, Ye Ye, Yanhua Zhao, Zhe Zhang and Kun Zeng
    Citation: BioMedical Engineering OnLine 2025 24:35
  23. In recent years, artificial intelligence and machine learning algorithms have been used more extensively to diagnose diabetic retinopathy and other diseases. Still, the effectiveness of these methods has not b...

    Authors: Mehrsa Moannaei, Faezeh Jadidian, Tahereh Doustmohammadi, Amir Mohammad Kiapasha, Romina Bayani, Mohammadreza Rahmani, Mohammad Reza Jahanbazy, Fereshteh Sohrabivafa, Mahsa Asadi Anar, Amin Magsudy, Seyyed Kiarash Sadat Rafiei and Yaser khakpour
    Citation: BioMedical Engineering OnLine 2025 24:34
  24. With the explosion of techniques for recording electrical brain activity, our recognition of neurodiversity has expanded significantly. Yet, uncertainty exists regarding sex differences in electrical activity ...

    Authors: Rhea Chapman, Sarasa Najima, Thaisa Tylinski Sant’Ana, Christy Chi Kiu Lee, Francesco Filice, Jessica Babineau and Tatyana Mollayeva
    Citation: BioMedical Engineering OnLine 2025 24:33
  25. Primary osteoblasts are essential for bone formation and regeneration, making them pivotal in dental applications, including periodontal regeneration, ridge augmentation, and implant osseointegration. Sourced ...

    Authors: Venkata Suresh Venkataiah, Deepak Mehta, Mohammad Fareed and Mohmed Isaqali Karobari
    Citation: BioMedical Engineering OnLine 2025 24:31
  26. As a traditional therapeutic approach, acupuncture benefits from modern biomechanics, which offers a unique perspective for understanding its mechanisms by investigating the mechanical properties of biological...

    Authors: Liang Yunshan, Xu Chengli, Zhang Peiming, Quan Haocheng, Liang Xudong and Lu Liming
    Citation: BioMedical Engineering OnLine 2025 24:30
  27. To investigate the predictive value of computer tomography (CT) imaging features for the risk of hemorrhagic transformation (HT) after mechanical thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke with large vessel obstru...

    Authors: Linyu Zhou, Hong Yu, Jianbing Bai, Yang Wang, Yingqiang Zhong, Tao Jiang and Yongqing Dai
    Citation: BioMedical Engineering OnLine 2025 24:29
  28. To develop and validate a model that integrates clinical data, deep learning radiomics, and radiomic features to predict high-risk patients for cage subsidence (CS) after lumbar fusion.

    Authors: Congying Zou, Ruiyuan Chen, Baodong Wang, Qi Fei, Hongxing Song and Lei Zang
    Citation: BioMedical Engineering OnLine 2025 24:27
  29. Corneal refractive laser surgery is widely used to correct myopia and astigmatism due to its safety and effectiveness. However, postoperative changes in corneal biomechanics, such as corneal ectasia, can occur...

    Authors: Yan Zhang, Junyu Lin, Shu-Hao Lu, Jones Iok-Tong Chong, Cheng Yang, Jianqing Lan, Wenjuan Xie, Juan Li, David Chuen-Chun Lam, Dan Cao and Jin Zeng
    Citation: BioMedical Engineering OnLine 2025 24:26
  30. Rhythm-based rehabilitation interventions are gaining attention and measuring their effects is critical. With more clinical care and research being conducted online, it is important to determine the feasibilit...

    Authors: Sarah Gregor, Avril Mansfield, George Mochizuki, Joyce Chen and Kara K. Patterson
    Citation: BioMedical Engineering OnLine 2025 24:24
  31. This paper reviews the recent advancements in the application of deep learning combined with electrocardiography (ECG) within the domain of cardiovascular diseases, systematically examining 198 high-quality pu...

    Authors: Zhenyan Wu and Caixia Guo
    Citation: BioMedical Engineering OnLine 2025 24:23
  32. Established assessment scales used for Parkinson’s disease (PD) have several limitations in tracking symptom progression and fluctuation. Both research and commercial-grade wearables show potential in improvin...

    Authors: Haakon Reithe, Brice Marty, Juan C. Torrado, Elise Førsund, Bettina S. Husebo, Ane Erdal, Simon U. Kverneng, Erika Sheard, Charalampos Tzoulis and Monica Patrascu
    Citation: BioMedical Engineering OnLine 2025 24:22
  33. Vibrotactile input is a useful sensory cue for individuals with Parkinson's Disease (PD) to overcome freezing of gait (FoG). For this input to serve as a cue, its accurate perception is required. This needs th...

    Authors: Ankita Raghuvanshi, Priya Pallavi, Rahul Chhatlani, Jayesh Parmar, Manish Rana, Sagar Betai and Uttama Lahiri
    Citation: BioMedical Engineering OnLine 2025 24:21
  34. Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography (PET/CT) combines metabolic and anatomical information improving the precision and accuracy of oncological diagnostics. The standardized uptake value (SUV) meas...

    Authors: Gunes Yavuz, Bilal Kovan, Turkay Toklu, Tevfik F. Çermik and Cengizhan Öztürk
    Citation: BioMedical Engineering OnLine 2025 24:20
  35. Automated insertion of the cochlear implant electrode array can reduce the risk of intracochlear trauma. To address this, our group previously developed a hydraulic electrode insertion device, the Cochlea Hydr...

    Authors: Jakob Cramer, Rolf Salcher, Max Fröhlich, Georg Böttcher-Rebmann, Eralp Artukarslan, Thomas Lenarz and Thomas S. Rau
    Citation: BioMedical Engineering OnLine 2025 24:19
  36. Tracheal stenosis (TS) is a pathological condition characterized by a reduction in the trachea diameter. It is a common complication after prolonged endotracheal intubation but may also arise from autoimmune o...

    Authors: Mojdeh Monjezi, Milad Rismanian and Hamidreza Jamaati
    Citation: BioMedical Engineering OnLine 2025 24:18
  37. Facial expression muscles serve a fundamental role in the orofacial system, significantly influencing the overall health and well-being of an individual. They are essential for performing basic functions such ...

    Authors: Luna Adamov, Bojan Petrović, Lazar Milić, Vojin Štrbac, Sanja Kojić, Karunan Joseph and Goran M. Stojanović
    Citation: BioMedical Engineering OnLine 2025 24:17
  38. The aim of this study is to convert low-dose PET (L-PET) images to full-dose PET (F-PET) images based on our Diffused Multi-scale Generative Adversarial Network (DMGAN) to offer a potential balance between red...

    Authors: Xiang Yu, Daoyan Hu, Qiong Yao, Yu Fu, Yan Zhong, Jing Wang, Mei Tian and Hong Zhang
    Citation: BioMedical Engineering OnLine 2025 24:16
  39. Clinical nurses frequently endure substantial work-related stress, adversely affecting their well-being and potentially compromising patient care quality and safety. The integration of a 5G-based medical priva...

    Authors: Xuejiao Ruan, Yuying Lou, Xinhua Zhang, Zhulin Wu and Hongzhi Yuan
    Citation: BioMedical Engineering OnLine 2025 24:15
  40. Currently, bone tissue engineering is a research hotspot in the treatment of orthopedic diseases, and many problems in orthopedics can be solved through bone tissue engineering, which can be used to treat frac...

    Authors: Longwen Zhan, Yigui Zhou, Ruitang Liu, Ruilong Sun, Yunfei Li, Yongzheng Tian and Bo Fan
    Citation: BioMedical Engineering OnLine 2025 24:14
  41. Articular cartilage injury is a serious bone disease that can result in disabilities. With the rapid increase in the aging population, this disorder has become an increasingly important public health issue. Re...

    Authors: Chun-Sheng Li, Yan Xu, Juan Li, Shu-Hao Qin, Shao-Wen Huang, Xue-Mei Chen, Yi Luo, Cheng-Tao Gao and Jian-Hui Xiao
    Citation: BioMedical Engineering OnLine 2025 24:13
  42. Markerless vision-based human pose estimation (HPE) is a promising avenue towards scalable data collection in rehabilitation. Deploying this technology will require self-contained systems able to process data ...

    Authors: Gloria-Edith Boudreault-Morales, Cesar Marquez-Chin, Xilin Liu and José Zariffa
    Citation: BioMedical Engineering OnLine 2025 24:12