Fig. 1
From: Micromechanical modeling of the contact stiffness of an osseointegrated bone–implant interface
Comparison between the numerical effective contact stiffness \(K_{c}^{\text{FEM}}\) and the analytical stiffness obtained from the Voigt–Reuss bounds [see Eqs. (7)–(10)] as a function of the BIC. The roughness wavelength λ, amplitude ∆ and the bone Young’s modulus Eb are equal to their reference values 80 µm, 5 µm and 2 GPa, respectively