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Table 1 Changes in the measurement results over 2 years

From: Predictors of flatfoot in 11–12-year olds: a longitudinal cohort study

  

9–10 years old

11–12 years old

p-value

Foot length [cm]

Male

20.71 ± 1.13

22.72 ± 1.33

 < 0.001

 

Female

20.39 ± 1.19

21.97 ± 1.04

 < 0.001

IH [cm]

Male

5.58 ± 0.46

6.24 ± 0.56

 < 0.001

 

Female

5.39 ± 0.48

5.93 ± 0.5

 < 0.001

NH [cm]

Male

3.46 ± 0.49

3.21 ± 0.64

 < 0.001

 

Female

3.13 ± 0.53

2.99 ± 0.54

0.095

IH rate [%]

Male

26.99 ± 1.9

27.51 ± 2.2

0.016

 

Female

26.47 ± 2.01

27.04 ± 2.16

0.03

NH rate [%]

Male

16.78 ± 2.37

14.1 ± 2.74

 < 0.001

 

Female

15.3 ± 2.48

13.65 ± 2.61

 < 0.001

SHN angle [degrees]

Male

24.83 ± 2.89

22.44 ± 2.81

 < 0.001

 

Female

25.11 ± 2.67

23.37 ± 2.39

 < 0.001

ABD [cm]

Male

0.94 ± 0.5

0.89 ± 0.45

0.355

 

Female

1.15 ± 0.46

1.02 ± 0.43

0.027

ABD rate [%]

Male

4.55 ± 2.40

3.93 ± 1.93

0.015

 

Female

5.60 ± 2.24

4.67 ± 1.98

 < 0.001

  1. IH, instep height; NH, navicular height; SHN, second toe–heel–navicular; ABD, axis of the bone distance
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