Table 1 Growth factors associated with bone regeneration
From: Advances in growth factor-containing 3D printed scaffolds in orthopedics
Growth factors | Subtype | Function |
|---|---|---|
BMP | BMP-2 BMP-4 BMP-6 BMP-7 BMP-9 | Enhances the expression of alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin, thereby promoting osteogenesis By promoting chondrocyte differentiation, it promotes cartilage growth and development Promotes osteogenesis by enhancing IGF-1 and EGF expression Induce intrachondral ossification to promote osteogenesis and enhance the expression of related proteins By inhibiting P53 activity, it promotes osteogenesis |
FGFs | Â | Induces intrachondral ossification to promote osteogenesis |
PDGF | PDGF-BB | Promote osteoblast proliferation and differentiation Promotes angiogenesis Suppression BMP-2 adult bone |
VEGF | Â | Promote osteoblast proliferation and differentiation, and promote neovascularization |
IGF-1 | Â | Promote cell proliferation, inhibit apoptosis, and promote musculoskeletal proliferation |
SDF-1 | Â | Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells are mobilized and recruited by activating the SDF-1/CXCR4 signaling pathway to promote osteogenesis |