Table 1 Comparison of osteoblast sources for dental research applications [8,9,10, 13, 14, 17]
Source | Yield (cells/g or mL) | Relevance to dentistry | Advantages | Limitations |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Alveolar bone | 5,000—15,000 | Very high | High relevance to oral applications | Invasive collection, low yield |
Calvarial bone |  > 50,000 | Low | High yield, easy to obtain from rodent models | Limited biomechanical relevance |
Mandibular/maxillary bone | 10,000—20,000 | High | Similar to alveolar bone in behavior | Invasive collection, limited accessibility |
Long bones (femur/tibia) | 30,000—50,000 | Moderate | High yield, practical for animal models | Different biomechanical properties |
BMSCs | 1—5 million MSCs per mL aspirate | High | Renewable source, regenerative potential | Variability in differentiation |