Table 1 Summary of retrieved articles
From: A review of osteoporotic vertebral fracture animal models
Author | Animal | Osteoporotic methods | Bone | Vertebral fracture methods | Application |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Wang et al. [13] | Female SD rats, 8 weeks old | OVX + 3 months LCD (0.01% calcium, 0.77% phosphate) | Caudal vertebrae | Spontaneous low bone mass and microcracks | CaSO4 cement filling |
Shen et al. [9] | Female SD rats, 6Â months old | OVX for 3Â months | Lumbar vertebrae | Hemispheric bone defect (3Â mm) in L6 | Introduce to the new model |
Female SD rats, 12Â weeks old | OVX for 8Â weeks | Lumbar vertebrae | Hemispheric bone defect (4Â mm) in L3 | Introduce to the new model | |
Makino et al. [16] | Female SD rats, 8 weeks old | OVX for 4 weeks |  | Cylindrical bone defect (1.5 mm × 3 mm) in L4, L5 and L6 | Abaloparatide promotes bone repair |
Shapiro et al. [12] | Female nude rats, 6 weeks old | OVX + 4 months LCD (0.01% calcium, 0.77% phosphate) | Lumbar vertebrae | Cylindrical bone defect (2 mm × 5 mm) in L4 and L5 | Introduce to the new model |
Geoffroy et al. [21] | Transgenic mice | Overexpressing core-binding factor alpha 1Â (Cbfa1) | Multiple sites | Spontaneous fractures | Introduce to the new model |
Geoffroy et al. [22] | Transgenic mice | Overexpressing core-binding factor alpha 1Â (Cbfa1) | Multiple sites | Spontaneous fractures | Strontium ranelate therapy for fractures |
Wang et al. [28] | Male/female New Zealand rabbit, 2 months old | No | Lumbar vertebrae | Bone defect (4 mm × 3 mm × 3 mm) in L3 | Composite bone cement for repairing bone defects |
Galovich et al. [35] | Merino female sheep, 4–6 years old | OVX + LCD (1.5 g calcium and 100 IU vitamin D3/day) + injected with methylprednisolone (O + D + S) for 7 months | Lumbar vertebrae | Cylindrical bone defect (5 mm × 10 mm) in L1, L2, L3, L4, L5 and L6 | Analyses of calcium phosphate cement with polymethylmethacrylate |
Verron et al. [36] | Adult female sheep | OVX for 6 months | Lumbar vertebrae | Bone defect (8 mm × 10 mm × 20 mm) in L3 | Analyses of bisphosphonate-loaded calcium phosphate cement filling |
Bungartz et al. [37] | Merino female sheep, 6–9 years old | Aged | Lumbar vertebrae | Cylindrical bone defect (5 mm × 14 mm) in L4 and L5 | GDF5 augments the bone formation |
Phillips et al. [43] | Adult female sheep | OVX + LCD for 6 months | Lumbar vertebrae | Cylindrical bone defect (8 mm × 5 mm) in L3 and L4 | The enhancing effect of BMP-7 in vivo |
Gunnella et al. [44] | Merino female sheep, 6–9 years old | Aged | Lumbar vertebrae | Cylindrical bone defect (5 mm × 14 mm) in L4 and L5 | Low-dose BMP-2 enhance the bone formation |
Eschler a et al. [39] | Female Merino sheep, 5 years old | OVX + LCD (1.6 g calcium, 2.6 g phosphorus, 183 IU vitamin D3) | Lumbar vertebrae | Stress compression fracture | Introduce to the new model |
Bohns et al. [50] | Both sexes, wild-type AB strain zebrafish, 7 months old | Prednisolone + dimethyl sulfoxide in water for 21 days, concentration of 50 μM | Spine | Spontaneous vertebral bone mass reduction | Alendronate improved bone mass |
Li et al. [45] | Both sexes, wild-type AB strain zebrafish, 6 months old | Dexamethasone 21-phosphate in water for 7 days, concentration of 25 μM | Fin | Fish tail fin stress fracture | Explore the osteogenic potential of chitosan–quercetin bio-conjugate |
Turner et al. [52] | Mature large hounds | No | Lumbar vertebrae | Bone defect (18 mm × 5 mm × 22 mm) in L1, L3 | Vertebroplasty compare calcium phosphate cement with polymethylmethacrylate |
Oshima et al. [53] | Beagles, 6 months old | No | Lumbar vertebrae | Bone defect (2 mm × 2 mm × 3.6 mm) | Evaluation of vertebroplasty using hydroxyapatite blocks |
Shao et al. [54] | Rhesus monkeys, 5–7 years old | No | Lumbar vertebrae | Bone defect (18 mm × 5 mm × 22 mm) in L4 | Hydrogel containing BMP-2 and BMSCs on lumbar vertebral defect repair |
Pelled et al. [55] | Minipigs | No | Lumbar vertebrae | Cylindrical bone defect (4 mm × 15 mm) in lumbar vertebrae | BMP6-engineered MSCs induce vertebral bone repair |