Fig. 3

Hematoxylin and eosin staining revealed a lack of nucleic materials and preservation of tissue architecture after a 4-h pretreatment with 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) followed by treatment in the supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) system at 200 bar and 40 °C for 1.5 h (E), in contrast to the native tissue (A). In comparison, the presence of numerous nuclei and intact cellular structures in tissues decellularized using other methods indicates the inadequacy of these protocols (B–D). P Pressure